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The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. Named in allusion to its predecessor, the B-17 Flying Fortress, the Superfortress was designed for high-altitude strategic bombing but also excelled in low-altitude night incendiary bombing and in dropping naval mines to blockade Japan. B-29s also dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and became the only aircraft that ever used nuclear weapons in combat.

One of the largest aircraft of World War II, the B-29 had state-of-the-art technology, including a pressurized cabin, dual-wheeled, tricycle landing gear, and an analog computer-controlled fire-control system that allowed one gunner and a fire-control officer to direct four remote machine gun turrets. The $3 billion cost of design and production far exceeded the $1.9 billion cost of the Manhattan Project, made the B-29 program the most expensive of the war.[6][7]

The B-29's advanced design allowed it to remain in service in various roles throughout the 1950s. The type was retired in the early 1960s after 3,970 of them had been built. A few were used as flying television transmitters by the Stratovision company. The Royal Air Force flew the B-29 as the Washington until 1954.

The B-29 was the progenitor of a series of Boeing-built bombers, transports, tankers, reconnaissance aircraft, and trainers. The re-engined B-50 Superfortress became the first aircraft to fly around the world non-stop during a 94-hour flight in 1949. The Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter airlifter, which was first flown in 1944, was followed in 1947 by its commercial airliner variant, the Boeing Model 377 Stratocruiser. This bomber-to-airliner derivation was similar to the B-17/Model 307 evolution. In 1948, Boeing introduced the KB-29 tanker, followed in 1950 by the Model 377-derivative KC-97. A line of outsized-cargo variants of the Stratocruiser is the Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy/Mini Guppy/Super Guppy, which remain in service with NASA and other operators.

The Soviet Union produced 847 Tupolev Tu-4s, an unlicensed reverse-engineered copy of the aircraft.

More than 20 B-29s remain as static displays but only two, Fifi and Doc, still fly.[8]

Notes[]

  1. Omitted from Silverplate B-29s
  2. The cannon was later removed
  3. For the B-29B-BW all armament and sighting equipment was removed except for tail position; initially 2 x .50 in M2/AN and 1× 20 mm M2 cannon, later 3 × 2 x .50 in M2/AN with APG-15 gun-laying radar fitted as standard.
  4. Could be modified to carry two 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) Grand Slam bombs externally.[3] The Silverplate version delivered the first atomic bombs.
  5. Pilot, Co-pilot, Bombardier, Flight Engineer, Navigator, Radio Operator, Radar Observer, Right Gunner, Left Gunner, Central Fire Control, Tail Gunner

Scources[]

  1. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html. Retrieved 16 April 2019. 
  2. AAF manual No. 50-9: Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions for Army model B-29, 25 January 1944, page 40; Armament
  3. Gunston, Bill (1978). The illustrated encyclopedia of combat aircraft of World War II. New York: Bookthrift Publications. p. 202. ISBN 0-89673-000-X.
  4. LeMay and Yenne 1988, p. 60.
  5. "Boeing B-29." Boeing. Retrieved: 5 August 2010.
  6. O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2015). How the War Was Won (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-1-107-01475-6. 
  7. "B-29 Superfortress, U.S. Heavy Bomber". © 2009 by Kent G. Budge. http://www.pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/-/B-29_Superfortress.htm. Retrieved 1 April 2018. 
  8. Template:Cite news
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